雅思写作基础段 L1-L5

雅思写作看中：可读性、完整性、简洁性。

考试分数占比：小作文 1/3，大作文 2/3

考试评分：小作文和大作文总分都是 9 分

考试时间：总时长 1h，官方推荐小作文 20min，大作文 40min。

评分标准 TA · CC · LR · GRA

TA Task Achievement 任务完成度 ▾

详细释义

是否回答了作文的问题，没有偏题，作文的结构完整。

5分：跑题或任务理解不全
6分：有任务意识但深度有限

CC Coherence and Cohesion 逻辑连贯 ▾

详细释义

是否使用准确的衔接词，并且逻辑没有跳跃。

衔接词是表面上的、显性的联系
逻辑是内里的、深层次的联系

5分：缺乏衔接与逻辑跳跃
6分：逻辑清楚，衔接得当

LR Language Resource 语言丰富度 ▾

详细释义

是否使用了多样化的词汇，尤其是实词（名词、动词）、文章主题相关的关键词的同义表达。

5分：词汇重复
6分：有同义表达

GRA Grammar Range and Accuracy 语法多样性与准确度 ▾

详细释义

是否使用了不同的句式类型和正确的语法。

5分：语法错误频繁
6分：语法正确，句式多样

📊 5分 vs 6分句子对比示例（点击展开） ▶

题目：Some people believe that governments should build more sports facilities to improve public health, while others argue that this would have little effect and other measures are needed. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

✘ TA 5分（跑题）

Exercise is important for everyone, and people should try to eat healthy food to keep fit.

没有讨论"政府是否应建运动设施"；没有涉及双方观点，更没有表达立场 → 跑题

✔ TA 6分（有任务意识）

While some people think that building more sports facilities can make people healthier, others believe that other actions like health education are more effective. I agree with the latter opinion.

明确展示双方观点；给出立场；回答核心问题，结构完整但表达略基础

✘ CC 5分（缺乏衔接）

Sports centers are useful. Many people are unhealthy. Government needs to do more.

句子独立、跳跃，缺乏衔接词；无因果或对比逻辑

✔ CC 6分（逻辑清楚）

Building more sports centers can encourage people to exercise regularly. However, without proper education on healthy lifestyles, such facilities might be underused.

使用 however 表达转折；表达清晰因果关系；逻辑通顺

✘ LR 5分（词汇重复）

Government should build more sports centers. Sports centers help people exercise. Exercise is good for health.

重复使用 sports centers 和 exercise；无同义表达

✔ LR 6分（有同义表达）

Public gyms and recreational facilities can offer citizens more chances to stay active, which helps reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems.

使用 public gyms、recreational facilities、stay active 等替代词

✘ GRA 5分（语法错误频繁）

If the government build more sports center, people will goes there and do exercises every days.

主谓不一致、动词形式错误、名词单复数错误

✔ GRA 6分（语法正确）

If the government builds more sports centers, more people will have opportunities to work out and improve their fitness.

使用条件句结构；动词形式、主谓一致正确

📋 FAQ 常见问题（点击展开） ▶

Q：Task 1 和 Task 2 在文体上有什么区别？

Task 1 即小作文，文体是 "report"，Task 2 即大作文，文体是 "essay"。前者更加模式化，结构、特点都是固定的，并且更加客观；后者是议论文，比前者更有深度，是抒发意见并提出论据，最后形成结论的。

Q：字数不够会被直接打到 5 分吗？

一般是的，但这个原因并不完全是字数导致的，其根本原因在于写作的完整性。写作结构不完整（比如小作文没有写 overview，大作文没有写 conclusion），TA 都会直接被打 5 分；写作段落没有对主题句进行完整阐述，会扣分，但不一定直接就 5 分；写作字数不足很可能是源于结构不完整或者段落阐述不完整，导致 TA 被扣到 5 分。

Q：字数是否越多越好？

不是越多越好，其根本原因是写作的简洁性。字数过多有可能是写的太冗长了，一直在说车轱辘话，那写 300 字也没用，反而导致扣分；如果有的作文论述十分翔实，没有一句废话，那写 300 字也是可以得高分的。

Task 1 题型介绍

Writing Task 1 — The Description Task: Describe & Report on Figures
NO OPINION · NO CONCLUSION（Only Overview 概述）

Pie Chart

总量和部分的关系（%）

Bar Chart

数量 / 趋势

Line Chart

变化趋势

Table

整理数字

Flow Chart

流程步骤

Map

路线和地点变化

Task 1 四段结构

段落	内容	长度	重点
Introduction	对题干的 Paraphrase	1句话	paraphrase 题干，不照抄！不能出现两个以上主要单词重复
Overview	概括图表大致情况	1-2句话	概括现象，不代入具体数字
Detail 1	按时间顺序/类别分段描述	3-4句	极值及具体数字描述
Detail 2	另一组数据描述	3-4句	比较重点数据

Overview 位置：可放在 Introduction 之后（第一段），也可单独作为最后一段。

Paraphrase 同义替换五大方法

方法一：同义词替换 ▶

替换关键词，不改变句子结构。适用于动词、名词、形容词等单词的微调。

increase → rise / go up / grow
people → individuals / citizens / the public
show → illustrate / demonstrate / present

适用场景：作文开头重写题目句子，或正文避免重复用词。

方法二：词性互换 ▶

词根不变，改变词性。拓展句式变化、丰富表达方式。

pollution (n.) → pollute (v.) → polluted (adj.)
decision (n.) → decide (v.)
On the global sale of cars → about how many cars are sold

句型示例：There is serious pollution in the city. → The city is seriously polluted.

方法三：短语替换（时间表达） ▶

表示多个时间点：in 2022 and 2025 = in 2022 and 2025 respectively = in the years 2022 and 2025

表示时间段：from 2022 to 2025 = between 2022 and 2025 = over a 4-year period = over a span of 4 years

表示单个时间点：in 2024 = in the year 2024

适用场景：Task 1 描述数据变化时的时间表达；强调时间跨度和对比。

方法四：后置定语→分词短语 & 关键词→宾语从句 ▶

后置定语转换成分词短语：

People who live in cities → People living in cities
Cars that are made in Germany → Cars made in Germany

关键词转换成宾语从句：

The survey shows people's preference for electric cars. → The survey shows that people prefer electric cars.

方法五：概括 ⇄ 具体 ▶

通过使用一个更概括（general）或更具体（detailed）的词语/表达来实现同义改写。

概括：把一个具体行为或例子归类为一个抽象概念
具体：把一个抽象概念具体化为例子或场景

示例：Two higher education institutions → a college and university

适用场景：Task 2 观点展开、举例支持；Task 1 中对列举项目的归纳或对复数词汇的展开。

📝 Paraphrase 练习表格模版（点击展开） ▶

在实际写作中，势必会用到多重方法：

题干	Paraphrase	Notes
The graph shows	The given diagram indicates	同义替换（同义词、近义词替换）
The number of	how many	结构改变：The number of students doing = How many students do sth
International students	international students	不变（专有名词不替换）
Attending	were studying	结构改变：The number of students doing = How many students do sth
Two higher education institutions	at a college and university	概括 ⇄ 具体：前者概括提到两个高等教育机构指的是 college 和 university
In Ontario	in Ontario	不变（地名不替换）
Between 2000 and 2015.	from 2000 to 2015	表示时间段：Between 时间点1 and 时间点2 = from 时间点1 to 时间点2

Overview 写法

公式：From an overall perspective, / Overall, it is clear from the graph that ...

示例：From an overall perspective, it is clear from the graph that the number of students attending both institutions went up during the period, with the college showing the biggest increase in student numbers.

注意：Overview 不代入具体数字，只描述整体趋势和极值。

📊 Introduction vs Overview 对比（点击展开） ▶

	必要性	长度	位置	内容	重点
Introduction	必须有，缺失会导致分数在 5 分以下	1 句话	开头第一句	主题是什么	paraphrase 题干
Overview	必须有，缺失会导致分数在 5 分以下	1-2 句话	Introduction 之后 / 或最后一段单独	图表大致情况	概括现象

课堂练习

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改写Paraphrase 改写练习

请对下面的题目进行改写，注意不要有超过两个实词重复：

课堂笔记

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改写Paraphrase 改写练习

请对下面的题目进行改写：

课堂笔记

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翻译翻译练习：趋势描述

根据图表提示，翻译下面的句子，注意趋势的描述：

这些数据显示，在整个期间，英国和瑞典的人均二氧化碳排放量都呈现出下降趋势。
在英国，人均平均排放量从1967年的11吨下降到2007年的9吨。
同样，在瑞典，排放量从1967年的4吨增加到1997年的10吨，但随后在2007年下降到5.5吨。
另一方面，从1967年到2007年，意大利和葡萄牙的人均二氧化碳排放量都呈现出持续增长的趋势。
在意大利，排放量从1967年的4吨增长到2007年的8吨。
葡萄牙的情况也类似，排放量从1967年的1吨增长到2007年的5.5吨。

课堂笔记

动态图 · 结构与趋势描述

动态图 Dynamic Chart 趋势变化描述 ▾

核心要点

三段结构：
1. Paraphrase 改写题干
2. Overview 概括趋势+极值
3. Details 按时间顺序描述

趋势词汇：
• 上升：rise / soar / surge
• 下降：fall / plummet / dive
• 波动：fluctuate
• 平稳：level off / remain steady

静态图 Static Chart 数据对比描述 ▾

核心要点

三段结构：
1. Paraphrase 改写题干
2. Overview 概括项目组A vs B
3. Details 分组比较重点数据

比较方法：
• 极值：最大/次大/最小
• 倍数：double / twice / half
• 相似：comparable / similar
• 构成：account for / constitute

动态图写作结构 ▶

段落	内容
Paraphrase	改写题干
Overview	Overall, / From an overall perspective, it is noticeable that 项目的趋势+极值描述（不代入具体数字）
Details	按时间顺序分段描述趋势；极值及具体数字描述

趋势描述方法：

上升：rising / increasing
下降：falling / decreasing
波动：fluctuation n. (v. fluctuate)

极值描述方法1（最大vs最小）：While / Whereas 项目A is 最大值, 项目B is 最小值

极值描述方法2（只讲最大）：The 最大值 is..., followed by...（逗号，不单独成句）/ Following that,...（句号，单独成句）

动态图核心趋势词汇表 ▶

详见下方词汇表模块（3D翻转卡片，点击翻转查看例句与应用技巧）

动态图练习与范文

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Task 1练习1：四国医疗满意度（线图）

The line graph illustrates the percentage of people satisfied with the healthcare system in Canada, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA between 1991 and 2007.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

课堂笔记

范文：四国医疗满意度 ▶

The line graph gives information about satisfaction level with the healthcare system in four different countries of the world between 1991 and 2007. Overall, two countries (the Netherlands and the USA) figures remained stable. However, the UK's satisfaction with their system saw an upward trend throughout the period. Additionally, Canada's satisfaction with the healthcare system was reported to have a significant drop over the period. The Netherlands and the USA exhibited similar changes. Initially, the USA's satisfaction with the healthcare system was reported at 10%, a figure that then remained stable until the end of the period. Similar changes took place in the Netherlands' healthcare system, which started at 50% in 1991 and then remained stable over the period. A gradual rose was observed in the satisfactory system of the UK from 22% to almost 30% between 1991 and 2007. Meanwhile, Canada's satisfaction with the healthcare system started at about 60% in 1997, after which it saw a considerable decline to 20% in 1998, before rising further to 40% in 2007.

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Task 1练习2：英国移民数据（线图）

The graph shows figures for international immigration, emigration and net migration in the UK from 1999 to 2008. Units are measured in thousands of people.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

课堂笔记

范文：英国移民数据 ▶

The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net migration between 1999 and 2008. Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007. In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004. After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.

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Task 1练习3：欧洲与澳洲交换生（表格）

The two tables show how many university exchange students travelled from five European countries to Australia, and from Australia to those European nations, in 2007 and 2009.

课堂笔记

范文：交换生数据 ▶

The given data presents two tables portraying the flow of exchange students between universities in Europe and Australia during the years 2007 and 2009. Overall, a notable increase in the total number of European students studying in Australian universities was observed between 2007 and 2009. However, the number of Australian students opting for European universities remained constant at 152 for both years. In 2007, France had the highest number of students among European countries studying in Australian universities with 61 students, while Germany had the lowest with 27 students. By 2009, the total number of European students studying in Australian universities increased to 226, with slight decreases in the numbers from France and the United Kingdom. In 2007, French universities received the highest number of Australian students with 37 students, while Germany had the lowest with 18 students. The overall number of Australian students studying in European universities remained constant at 152 for both 2007 and 2009, although significant increases were observed in the number of students choosing France and Germany, while Sweden and the United Kingdom showed slight decreases.

静态图 · 结构与数据对比

静态图写作结构 ▶

段落	内容
Paraphrase	改写题干
Overview	Overall, it is clear that项目组A... By contrast, 项目组B...（不代入具体数字）
Details	1.按照数据类别分组 2.按照总体大小特征分组 3.比较重点数据

比较重点数据：

最大、次大（当次大值与最大值差距不大时）
最小
相同、相似、倍数（当倍数特征比较明显如2倍或3倍）
其他数据可通过比较级、合并排序、相似、区间范围或省略描述

静态图核心表达方式表 ▶

类别	表达方式	语料	示例
极值	最大值对比	Most adj. + n, the largest	spending on education is the most significant for Japan, with 35%
极值	次大值对比	Next biggest, second highest, followed by	education spending with 35%, followed by healthcare with 25%
极值	最小值对比	The least adj. + n, ranked last, lowest ranked	spending on clothing is the least significant, with only 5%
倍数	倍数关系	double, twice, half	spending on healthcare is double the proportion of education
比例	表示比例	Majority of, bulk of, significant portion	The majority of X is spent on Y, with 70%
对比	相同对比	Identical to, matched by, the same as	X and Y have the same number of Z
对比	相似对比	Comparable to, similar to, likewise	The trend in X is similar to that in Y
区间	区间范围	From X to Y, between A and B	The spending ranged from 5% to 35%
对比	排名对比	First, followed by, ranked second	Education spending was the highest, followed by healthcare
对比	比较关系	Significantly more, much higher, far greater	X is significantly more expensive than Y
构成	表示占据	Form, constitute, occupy, make up, account for	Fossil fuels form the bulk of electricity generation, accounting for over 70%
分数	表示分数	Three-quarters, two-thirds, half, one-third, a quarter	Three-quarters of the total expenditure was allocated to housing

静态图练习与范文

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Task 1练习1：澳洲大学学生构成（表格）

The table shows three demographic percentages for students across six departments at an Australian university: female students, students whose first language is not English, and students born outside Australia.

课堂笔记

范文：澳洲大学学生构成 ▶

The table indicates the analysis of students studying in six fields in an Australian university in 2011. Regarding the social sciences group, English, modern languages, and history lessons were mainly contributed by a significant volume of female students, at 72%, 68%, and 52%, respectively. Just a low percentage of students in this subject group were non-state learners, with 20% of the English class, 23% of the modern languages class, and 31% of the history class. Thus, their first language was mostly English, with 88% of the English lecture and 84% of the modern languages course, apart from students majoring in history which had 45% of non-local English speakers. In terms of the physical science subjects, a large number of students were male, at 83% for math and 85% for chemistry, except physics, which still had a significant quantity of female learners, at 56%. Most of the students in this subject combination were not native Australians; more than half of the students (56%) in physics and math class were non-local, and the same situation for chemistry class, with 48% of students. As a result, a high proportion of students were not native English speakers, at 38%, 49%, and 42% for the physics, math, and chemistry lectures, respectively.

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Task 1练习2：男女休闲与家务时间（柱状图）

The graph below gives information about the average minutes spent on leisure activities and household activities by two gender groups.

课堂笔记

范文：男女休闲与家务 ▶

The given charts illustrate household and leisure activities among men and women in terms of average minutes each day. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that women spent far more time on household chores, with the exception of time spent on repairs. In terms of leisure activities, both sexes were far more likely to watch television, video, or listen to the radio, and figures for reading and sport were relatively comparable. Regarding activities in the household, women spent more than twice the amount of time cooking and washing and washing clothes and ironing (78 minutes to 30 minutes and 30 minutes to 10 minutes). The difference in time spent shopping was less extreme at 25 minutes for men and 37 minutes for women. In contrast, men spent double the time on repairs per day (19 minutes) to women (9 minutes). For leisure time, the data for TV, video, and radio were surveyed at 137 minutes for males and 118 minutes for females. Other free time activities included reading (18 minutes for men and 19 minutes for women) and sport, 15 minutes and 11 minutes for men and women, respectively.

核心词汇表

核心词汇 · 六大类

地图题 · 写作结构

地图题 Map Description 变化描述 ▾

核心要点

结构：有几张图分几段

描述维度：
• 路线变化：新增/扩展道路
• 规模变化：大小和功能
• 基础设施：新建/改建
• 方位变化：发展方向

动词：build / convert / extend / replace / demolish

流程图 Flow Chart 步骤描述 ▾

核心要点

结构：linear或circular

Overview要素：
• 是linear还是circular
• 有几个阶段
• 起点和终点

连接词：
• First / Then / Next
• After that / Subsequently
• Finally / Ultimately

地图题写作结构 ▶

Details：有几张图分几段，一段一张图

部分	描述	常用表达
路线变化	描述新增或扩展的道路	More roads were built in [时间], running to the [方向], connecting [区域1] and [区域2]
规模变化	描述区域大小和功能变化	Compared with [年份], the area increased/decreased in size and turned from a [小镇] to a [大城市]
基础设施变化	描述新增或改建基础设施	A [基础设施] was developed to improve access to the area. / The [原设施] was converted into a [新设施]
方位变化	描述新的发展方向	A park was developed to the [方向] of the town. / The highway was extended [方向]

表示位置和方位：lie, be located, be situated, be sited / east, west, south, north, center, middle, north-west, south-east

表示变化：

新建：build, construct, develop, set up, pave
转变：convert, change, transform, redevelop
扩建：extend, expand, enlarge
替换：replace, substitute, make way for
消除：demolish, remove, tear down

Overview：说明最大的变化（写2-3个，不要写细节），从规模、更居民了还是工业了还是城市化了还是乡村化了、路线这些角度去写。
Overall, xxx has changed into xxx city/suburb/countryside, which increases/decreases in size. It's been more industrial/residential with more/less roads built.

地图题练习与范文

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地图题练习1：学校校园变化（地图）

The maps below show the changes that have taken place in a school over 10 years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

课堂笔记

范文：学校校园变化 ▶

The two maps compare the campus layout of a university a decade ago with its current layout. Overall, buildings in the western campus remain unchanged, while major redevelopment has occurred in the eastern green space and southern plot of land. On the western side of the central footpath, three core buildings—the Music School, Business School and Library—have retained their original positions with no structural changes. The biggest transformation is visible to the east of the footpath: a large area of trees and green space has been cleared to construct four multi-storey student flats and a café. Only two small trees remain at the bottom-right corner of this zone. Across the road bridge at the southern end of the campus, the Art Centre on the left-hand side still stands unchanged. The empty open land opposite the Art Centre has been developed into a brand-new Computer Centre. The road bridge itself and the access route leading towards the train station have not been altered at all over the ten-year period.

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地图题练习2：河谷环境变化（地图）

描述河谷在20年间的变化（修建水坝后）。

课堂笔记

范文：河谷环境变化 ▶

The pair of maps depicts dramatic environmental and infrastructure changes in a river valley over two decades, after a hydroelectric dam was built. Overall, damming the river created a large lake that submerged original natural and historical sites, while new tourism, power and accommodation facilities were built for industry and visitors. In 1980, a natural river ran through the valley, surrounded by forest, ancient stone structures, habitats for rare flora and fauna, and irrigated farmland. A small village was positioned on the lower eastern riverbank, with mountains framing the entire valley perimeter. By 2000, a concrete dam blocked the river flow, forming a wide lake that flooded the former forest, ancient buildings, wildlife zones and farmland. Designated fishing and sailing areas were marked on the lake's surface, and a hotel was constructed on the eastern shore. The village was expanded, with overhead power lines installed to carry electricity generated by the dam out of the region. The surrounding mountain ranges remained untouched throughout the period.

流程图 · 写作结构

流程图写作结构 ▶

Overview 要点：

a) 是 linear 图还是 circular 图
b) 有几个阶段
c) 最开始的东西和最后的东西是什么

Overview 公式：From an overall perspective, it is noticeable that there are [数字] stages in the [linear/circular] process of [sth], beginning with [最开始的一步] and ending with [最后一步].

Details 要点：

a) 按顺序把每个阶段发生的事情说一下
b) 用被动语态、突出动作
c) 若为多图，则需要说明两张图的关系

Details 公式：

The first stage sees [东西1] being [动词被动语态], which turns into [东西2].
Then, [东西2] is [动词被动语态].
In the third stage, [东西2] is [动词被动语态] before it is done.
And finally it's [动词被动语态].

流程图核心表达方式 ▶

类别	表达方式	语料示例
主题句	流程图开头	The flow chart illustrates the process of cement production.
概述段	总体描述	Overall, there are 5 stages in the linear process of cement making, beginning with the collection of raw materials and ending with the packaging of the final product.
细节段	第一阶段	In the first stage, the raw materials are collected and mixed. Then, the mixture is heated to form clinker.
时间顺序	首先/其次/最后	Initially / First of all / Then / After that / Following this / Finally / In the last stage / Ultimately
因果关系	因果表达	After [步骤1], [步骤2] happens as a result. / [步骤] results in [结果] after [时间/阶段].
被动语态	突出动作	The raw materials are mixed at the beginning. / Once the cement is ground, it is ready for packaging.
阶段转变	变化描述	In the first stage, limestone and clay are mixed together. In the second stage, the mixture is heated, turning into clinker.

流程图练习与范文

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流程图练习1：塑料瓶回收流程

描述塑料瓶回收的完整流程。

课堂笔记

范文：塑料瓶回收 ▶

The flow chart outlines the complete nine-stage process used to recycle plastic bottles into new consumer goods. Overall, recycling plastic is a linear manufacturing cycle that begins with public waste disposal and ends with the production of various finished products. In the initial step, household plastic bottles are discarded into dedicated recycling bins. These bottles are then collected by specialised waste trucks and transported to a recycling centre. At the facility, staff manually sort bottles to separate usable plastic from contaminated rubbish. Suitable plastic waste is compressed into compact blocks, after which the blocks are crushed into small fragments and thoroughly washed to remove dirt and impurities. Once cleaned, the plastic pieces are processed to create tiny plastic pellets. The pellets are heated and melted to form raw plastic material. This raw material is ultimately utilised to manufacture a range of items, such as new plastic bottles, clothing, pencils and reusable carrier bags.

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流程图练习2：燃煤发电流程

The diagram below shows the process of producing electricity from coal.

课堂笔记

范文：燃煤发电 ▶

This cross-section diagram describes the operational process of a coal-powered electricity plant, alongside a circulating water cooling system. Overall, coal acts as the primary fuel to generate steam and power turbines, while river water is recycled repeatedly for cooling before electricity is distributed to users. First, coal is delivered into a boiler furnace, where it is burned at high temperatures to heat water inside the boiler and produce high-pressure steam. The powerful steam spins a turbine connected to a generator, and this generator converts mechanical rotation into electrical energy. The electricity passes through a transformer to increase voltage, then travels to consumers via transmission power lines. After rotating the turbine, steam flows into a condenser unit. Cold cooling water pumped from a nearby river cools the steam, turning it back into liquid water, which recirculates back to the boiler to be reheated. Harmful exhaust gases released from coal combustion are expelled through a tall chimney stack.

大作文结构 · Head / Body / Tail

Head Introduction 引言段 ▾

写作要点

1. General Statement 引入话题
2. Paraphrase the Question 改写题干
3. State Your Position 表明立场
4. 2-3句话，简洁明了
5. 避免重复题干词汇

Body Main Paragraphs 主体段 ▾

写作要点

1. Topic Sentence 主题句（1句）
2. Supporting Arguments 论据展开（3-4句）
3. Link Ideas 逻辑衔接
4. 每段1个核心idea，5-6句话
5. 深度优先于广度

Tail Conclusion 结尾段 ▾

写作要点

1. Restate Position 重申立场
2. Synthesize Key Points 综合要点
3. Final Thought 结尾思考
4. 2-3句话，不引入新观点
5. 不写正文未提及的内容

Writing the Head（引言段） ▶

Start with a General Statement：Use phrases like "In recent years," or "There is an ongoing discussion about..." to introduce the topic.
Paraphrase the Question：Rephrase the essay question in your own words to show understanding.
State Your Position Clearly：Use phrases like "From my perspective," or "I strongly believe that..." 或者写：This essay will discuss both sides before offering my conclusion.
Keep It Concise：Aim for 2-3 sentences in the introduction.
Use Varied Vocabulary：Avoid repeating words from the question; use synonyms and advanced vocabulary.

Writing the Body（主体段） ▶

Start with a Topic Sentence：Begin each paragraph with a clear central idea using phrases like "One compelling argument is that..." or "A primary reason supporting this view is...". （1个句子）
- a. 概括该段
- b. 一个 Topic 主题
- c. 一个 Idea 想法（如果你有2-3个idea，代表需要2-3段）：一个idea可以有多个方面（aspects/points/reasons）
注意：1.深度优先；2.简洁明了地表达想法
Develop Supporting Arguments：Use causalities, explanations, comparison+/examples (context, subjects, actions + result), or data to expand your point. Phrases like "For instance," or "Statistics indicate that..." add credibility. + result（1+2/1+1=3-4句）
Link Ideas Logically：Connect sentences with cohesive devices ("Furthermore," "Conversely," "This is because...") to ensure flow.
Address Counterarguments (if applicable)：Acknowledge opposing views briefly ("While some argue that..., this overlooks...") to strengthen your position.
Stay Focused：Keep each paragraph to 1 core idea. Aim for 5-6 sentences per paragraph.

Example Structure: Topic sentence → Explanation → Example/Comparison → Link to thesis/next paragraph

Writing the Tail（结尾段） ▶

Restate Your Position：Paraphrase your thesis using phrases like "In conclusion, I maintain that..." or "To reiterate, the evidence confirms that...".
Synthesize Key Points：Briefly summarize your strongest arguments without introducing new ideas. 把主题句的ideas给paraphrase
End with a Final Thought：Use a closing statement that emphasizes importance or a forward-looking remark.
Keep It Short：Limit the conclusion to 2-3 sentences. Avoid vague generalizations. 不要写没写到的东西

结尾模板：In conclusion, while there are [disagreements/agreements] / [benefits / drawbacks], I maintain/ I still believe that we should focus on the [drawbacks / benefits] are more significant as [topic] will [idea 1 idea 2 idea 3].

Eg. In conclusion, while there are drawbacks, I maintain that we should focus on the benefits are more significant as globalization will bring more economic opportunities and communication between cultures.

题型 1 & 2：同意与否 / 利弊分析

【同意与否】题型 · 模板与范文 ▶

题目：The most important aim of science should be to improve people's lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

结构模板（填空练习）：

段落	类型	内容
开头	默写填空题	In recent years, there has been an ongoing discussion about improving people's quality of life as the most important meaning of science. From my perspective, this statement is tenable.
主题句 1	简答题	On the one hand, the advancement of science is attributed to human wisdom and the increasing demands of human society.
主题句 2	简答题	On the other hand, individuals paid taxes to support scientific discovery and research.
主题句 3	简答题	However, there are other aims of science such as studying outer space and explore human origins.
结尾	默写填空题	In conclusion, while there are disagreements, I still believe that we should focus on improving individuals' life quality as the advancement of science is the result of human intelligence, economic support and realistic needs.

【同意与否】范文：科学与生活 ▶

Science has transformed the world in countless ways, from medical breakthroughs to space exploration. While I agree that improving human wellbeing is one of the central goals of scientific research, I do not believe it should be the only or overriding aim, as pure scientific inquiry also plays a vital role. On the one hand, there is a strong case for prioritising practical benefits in science. Many of the most celebrated scientific achievements—vaccines, antibiotics, clean energy technology—have directly saved and improved millions of lives. Governments and funding bodies allocate enormous resources to scientific research, and it is reasonable to expect that this investment should translate into tangible benefits for society. Medical research, for example, has dramatically reduced mortality rates from diseases that once caused widespread devastation, demonstrating how targeted scientific effort can have profound human impact. On the other hand, restricting science solely to applied, life-improving goals could stifle innovation and limit future progress. Much of today's practical technology grew out of theoretical research that had no immediate application. The development of lasers, for instance, originated in theoretical physics and was not initially intended for medical or industrial use. If scientists are constrained to only research with obvious human benefits, we risk losing the fundamental discoveries that eventually underpin future advancements. Scientific curiosity and the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake are therefore equally important. In conclusion, while improving lives is undoubtedly a vital aim of science, I believe it should be regarded as one of several equally important goals rather than the sole priority. A balance between applied and theoretical research ultimately serves humanity best.

【利弊分析】题型 · 模板与范文 ▶

题目：In recent years, many companies have allowed their employees to work from home using the internet. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

结构模板（范文标注）：

Introduction：In recent years, there has been an ongoing discussion about the phenomenon that employees are allowed to work from home by many corporations. I strongly believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Body 1（员工角度）：On the one hand, people work at home to reduce the time of commuting. Commuting time is often over 1 hour in mega cities such as Shanghai and Hong Kong. In such cities, employees sometimes have to rent houses in the suburbs to save money, which means they have to waste a lot of time on the tube. In comparison, remote work allows more leisure time and more sleep, which will make them more energetic at work. As a result, their work efficiency as well as their personal comfort can be improved. In addition, surveys have shown that employees whose companies implement such policies have shown an increased level of satisfaction.

Body 2（公司角度）：On the other hand, companies can reduce the cost of office rental. Companies often have costly running expenses mostly because they have to rent an office in the city centre. If they allow online working, they can relocate themselves in the suburbs where the housing price is lower, especially in mega cities. Instead, they can invest more money in product development and staff welfare. Therefore, employers will have more net profits if they adopt such company policy.

Counterargument：However, the workers cannot communicate with high efficiency. High efficiency during communication is crucial to any working team, which is best achieved through face-to-face forms instead of virtual conferences. Besides, during online meetings, the Internet might be another problem because when it's patchy, messages and voice calls will become slow and not received timely. Research has also shown that human interaction and trust half rely on verbal cues during conversations and half on non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, human body scents, and the exchange of sign languages. Therefore, working from home might make communication harder.

Conclusion：In conclusion, while there are drawbacks, I maintain that the benefits are more significant as working from home will make commuting easier for employees and reduce the renting cost for employers.

【利弊分析】范文：远程办公 ▶

The modern professional landscape has undergone a significant transformation as digital connectivity enables many individuals to perform their duties from their own homes rather than a traditional office. While this shift presents certain challenges regarding social isolation and communication, I believe that the benefits, particularly in terms of flexibility and cost-efficiency, far outweigh these drawbacks. The primary advantage of remote work is the substantial increase in flexibility and time management for employees. By eliminating the daily commute, workers can save hours each week, which can be redirected toward personal well-being or family commitments. For example, a parent working from home can more easily manage childcare responsibilities without sacrificing professional productivity. Furthermore, companies can significantly reduce their overhead costs by maintaining smaller physical offices, leading to higher profit margins that can be reinvested into the business. However, the move toward a remote workforce is not without its disadvantages. The most notable concern is the potential for social isolation and the erosion of company culture. Without face-to-face interaction, employees may feel disconnected from their colleagues, which can lead to a decline in morale and creative collaboration. Additionally, the boundaries between professional and personal life often become blurred, making it difficult for some individuals to "switch off," potentially leading to burnout. Despite these issues, many of these problems can be mitigated through the use of video conferencing tools and structured virtual social events. In conclusion, while working from home can lead to feelings of isolation and a lack of work-life separation, the merits of increased personal time and reduced corporate expenses are more significant. As technology continues to evolve, the ability to work remotely will likely become the standard, proving that its advantages are superior to its temporary challenges.

衔接句型库 · Cohesive Devices

引言段 · 通用开头句 ▶

In recent years, there has been a growing debate over...（近年来，关于...的争论日益增多。）
A contentious issue that has gained significant attention is...（一个引起广泛关注的有争议问题是...）
There is an ongoing discussion about whether...（关于是否...存在持续的讨论。）
It is often argued that...（人们经常争论...）
The fact that... has garnered much attention.
That ... has garnered much attention.

观点表达：

[同意/不同意] While it is important to do sth..., I strongly disagree/agree that...
[利大于弊] From my perspective, the benefits of... certainly outweigh the drawbacks.
[弊大于利] In my view, the merits of... are limited compared to the negative effects it introduces.

主体段 · 引出主题句 ▶

On one hand,... On the other hand...（一方面，另一方面）
Supporters of... point out (that); Critics, on the contrary, counterargue that...
One compelling argument in favor of this view is...（支持这一观点的一个有力论据是...）
A key point to consider is...（需要考虑的一个关键点是...）
The primary reason I support this position is...（我支持这一立场的主要原因是...）

解释/举例：

For instance, / For example, ...
To illustrate this, ... / This is best exemplified by...
A notable example of this is... / This can be seen in the case of...

对比：

In contrast, / By contrast, ... / In stark contrast, ...
While it is true that..., it should be noted that...
Compared to..., ... offers a more... approach.

补充论点 & 反证 & 因果 ▶

补充论点（Adding More Points）：

Besides → 侧重补充次要信息
Moreover → 侧重强调补充的内容与前面论点同等重要
Furthermore → 进一步推进，强调比前面更深入的论点
Additionally → 侧重增加额外的信息，适用于正式场合

反证（Counterargument & Refutation）：

However, / Nevertheless, ...
Some may argue that..., yet...
While some believe that..., evidence suggests otherwise.
It might be claimed that..., but this overlooks...

因果（Cause & Effect）：

Consequently, ... / As a result, ... / Therefore, ...
This has led to... / Due to..., ... becomes increasingly necessary.
Given that..., it follows that...

核心词汇表（35词）

📝 词汇练习表（中→英，点击展开） ▶

No.	中文解释	No.	中文解释
1	v. 限制；约束；强迫	2	v. 证明；示范；演示；游行示威
3	adj. 首要的；压倒一切的	4	adj. 更好的，更优秀的；n. 上级，上司
5	adj. 基本的；根本的；基础的	6	v. 支撑；巩固；支持
7	n. 死亡率；必死性	8	v. 侵蚀；腐蚀；削弱
9	v. 起源；发源；开始	10	v. 改变；转变；改造
11	n. 转变；转化；改革	12	adj. 深刻的；深远的；深奥的
13	v. 远远超过；远重于	14	n. 进步；提升；促进
15	n. 士气；精神面貌	16	n. 优先事项；优先权
17	v. 追求；从事；继续；追踪	18	n. 创新；革新
19	adv. 在头顶上方；n. 经常性开支；adj. 头顶上的；高架的	20	v. 扼杀；抑制；使窒息
21	v. 消除；淘汰；消灭	22	v. 分配；拨出
23	n. 合作；协作	24	v. 减轻；缓和
25	v. 翻译成；转化为	26	n. 灵活性；弹性
27	adj. 被定为目标的；有针对性的	28	n. 毁灭；破坏
29	adj. 大量的；重大的；实质的	30	v. 使改变方向；使改道；重新寄送
31	n. 幸福；健康；福祉	32	n. 询问；调查；探究
33	adj. 暂时的；临时的	34	adj. 显著的；值得注意的；著名的
35	adj. 有形的；实际的；可触摸的

主题句写作练习

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TOPIC 1 · 利弊分析

在线沟通 vs 面对面会议

In the workplace, online communication is more than face-to-face meetings. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

笔记

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TOPIC 2 · 同意与否

青少年犯罪与成人同罚

Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

笔记

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TOPIC 3 · 原因+利弊

晚育趋势及其利弊

Some people choose to have their first child at an older age. What are the reasons? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
IELTS July 29th

笔记

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TOPIC 4 · 同意与否

网络友谊的意义

Friendships that take place online are not as meaningful as those where people meet each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
IELTS August 25th

笔记

双边讨论 · 四段结构

题型3：双边讨论（跟题型1&2的平衡观点类回答方式类似）
Some people believe that modern technology has made people more sociable, while others think it has made them less sociable. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Part 1 Introduction 引言·描述争论 ▾

写作要点

描述争论，可以不立即表明观点

句型：
• This issue has sparked a heated debate...
• Opinions are divided on this issue...
• This topic remains controversial...

Part 2 Body · View A 主体段·一方观点 ▾

写作要点

陈述一方观点/主题句及理由（1-2段）

方法：
• 引出观点：Proponents argue that...
• 举例支持：For instance...
• 对比增强：In contrast to...
• 因果深入：As a result...

Part 3 Body · View B 主体段·另一方观点 ▾

写作要点

陈述另一方观点/主题句及理由（1-2段）

方法：
• 引出反对：critics contend that...
• 举例支持反对：research has shown...
• 对比强化：Whereas supporters emphasize...
• 因果分析

Part 4 Conclusion 结论·综合立场 ▾

写作要点

综合观点并表明个人立场，不引入新观点

句型：
• Balancing these competing perspectives...
• Both arguments offer valid points; however...
• In conclusion, I believe a balanced approach...

第一部分：引言（描述争论，可以不立即表明观点） ▶

This issue has sparked a heated debate, with valid arguments on both sides.
The debate surrounding this topic is multifaceted, with compelling arguments for and against.
Opinions are divided on this issue, with supporters on each side presenting strong cases.
This topic remains controversial as people hold opposing views on the matter.

第二部分：主体段（陈述一方观点/主题句及理由，1-2段） ▶

引出一方观点：

Proponents of this view argue that...（这种观点的支持者认为...）
Those in favor of this perspective often assert that...（支持这一观点的人通常认为...）
One school of thought maintains that...（一种观点认为...）

举例支持：

For instance, it is widely observed that...
A clear example can be found in... which demonstrates that...

对比法增强合理性：

In contrast to those who hold the opposite view, advocates argue that...
Compared to alternative approaches, this perspective focuses on... which some argue is more beneficial.

因果法深入说明：

As a result, supporters believe that... leads to positive outcomes, such as...
This approach helps achieve... which in turn fosters...
Due to these factors, many advocate for this stance as it ultimately promotes...

第三部分：主体段（陈述另一方观点/主题句及理由，1-2段） ▶

引出另一方观点：

On the other hand, critics of this view contend that...（另一方面，批评者认为...）
However, opponents argue that...（然而，反对者认为...）
An opposing perspective suggests that...（相反的观点认为...）

举例支持反对意见：

For example, research has shown that... which suggests that...
A notable example supporting this viewpoint is... where...

对比法强化反对理由：

In contrast to the previous view, this perspective highlights the drawbacks of...
Whereas supporters emphasize..., critics argue that this focus ignores...
Unlike the previous approach, critics believe that... offers a more balanced view by addressing...

第四部分：结论（综合观点并表明个人立场） ▶

综合两方观点：

Balancing these competing perspectives, it becomes apparent that...
Both arguments offer valid points; however, after careful consideration, it seems that...
On reflection, while there are merits on both sides, the evidence leans towards...

表明个人立场：

In conclusion, after examining both sides of the debate, I believe that a balanced approach may be most suitable.
Therefore, it would be beneficial to consider elements of both perspectives, allowing for a more comprehensive solution.

真题练习与范文

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TOPIC 1 · 双边讨论

现代科技让人更合群还是更孤僻

Some people believe that modern technology has made people more sociable, while others think it has made them less sociable. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

笔记

范文1【科技】现代科技与社交 ▶

Technology has changed the way people communicate with each other. Some argue that it has brought people closer together, while others feel it has created distance between individuals. This essay will discuss both perspectives before giving my opinion. On the one hand, modern technology has clearly made communication easier. Social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp allow people to stay in touch with friends and family regardless of geographical distance. For example, a person working abroad can video-call their parents daily, which was impossible twenty years ago. Online communities also enable people with niche interests to find like-minded individuals they would never meet in real life. On the other hand, critics argue that technology has made interactions more superficial. People now spend hours scrolling through social media feeds rather than having face-to-face conversations. A common sight in restaurants is a group of friends all looking at their phones instead of talking to each other. Furthermore, the rise of online communication may reduce people's ability to read body language and develop real empathy, skills that are essential for deep social bonds. In my opinion, while technology provides valuable tools for staying connected, it has overall made people less sociable in meaningful ways. The convenience of digital communication often replaces rather than supplements real human interaction. In conclusion, technology offers both benefits and drawbacks for social interaction, but I believe the negative effects on deep, genuine connection slightly outweigh the positives.

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TOPIC 2 · 双边讨论

动物保护是否应优先于人类需求

Many animal species in the world are becoming extinct nowadays. Some people say that countries and individuals should protect these animals from dying out, while others say we should concentrate more on problems of human beings. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

笔记

范文2【动物与环保】物种保护 ▶

For centuries, the large-scale expansion of human beings has given rise to the extinction of many species in the world. In consequence, there arise many animal rights activists, who claim that mankind should protect wild animals at any cost lest they disappear. However, opponents argue that animals should be conserved only when people's own needs are satisfied. This essay will analyse both points of view. Conserving endangered species is essential, as their existence has brought numerous benefits to human beings. Wild animals are essential components of the delicate ecosystem, and the extinction of one species is likely to cause the disappearance of another. Also, biodiversity is one of the most valuable assets that humanity possesses. Many inspirations for inventions derived from various animals, for instance, aeroplanes, which originated from the Wright brothers' careful observation and examination of birds. Thus, wild animals can act as an incentive for the development of the human race. However, in some countries, especially developing countries, the basic interests of human beings have not been satisfied. Poverty, famine, epidemics, and natural disasters pose a severe threat to many citizens of the world. If the limited government budget is allocated to animal conservation, many people will face huge difficulty making a living. Therefore, protecting basic human rights should be the top priority of these countries. In conclusion, protecting wildlife is of great significance, as it is a vital cornerstone to the survival and future development of mankind. Nevertheless, the huge financial cost of animal conservation is not what every country can afford. Therefore, endangered animal species can be conserved only when every country on the planet makes its own effort. Developed countries should provide financial aid to their poorer counterparts in order to ensure the peaceful coexistence of animals and human beings.

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TOPIC 3 · 双边讨论

儿童是否应承担更多家务责任

Some people believe that children of all ages should have extra responsibilities (for example, helping at home or at work). Others believe that, outside of school, children should be free to enjoy their lives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

笔记

📝 教育题 · 学生范文结构模板（点击展开） ▶

开头：In recent years, there has been a controversial issue whether children of all ages should shoulder extra responsibilities or simply enjoy their childhood. This essay will discuss both views before drawing my conclusion.

主题句：On one hand, mentally and physically, children will benefit from extra responsibilities.

论据展开：Research has shown that doing household chores will teach children to cherish other individuals' work results. For example, children who have helped in the kitchen are found to be less willing to waste food on the dinning table; this habit will endure till adulthood. In another case, children who have been asked to take simple notes for their parents during family meetings are more likely to perform well academically because such experiences will hoe their note-taking skills as well as improve their ability to stay focused.

结论：As a result, extra responsibilities might seem like burdens but actually are blessings to children in the long run.

范文3【教育】儿童责任 ▶

Many today have argued for the importance of children having greater responsibility in the home. I am generally in agreement with this position, though it should naturally not be taken to extremes. Critics of such an approach maintain that it can overburden young children. In many societies around the world today, children are under immense pressure at school to perform well academically. In many Asian countries, for example, young children must study at school until the late afternoon, have dinner, and then take additional classes before doing their homework each night. If these students were also tasked with cleaning the house or washing their own clothes, they simply would not have enough time to complete all their responsibilities and rest for the next day. However, increased responsibility encourages greater maturity and self-reliance. A child who must ensure their room is clean and takes part in either cooking or cleaning up afterwards better understands the importance of time management and how to run a household. In contrast, some parents are overly protective of their children and do not instill traits related to independence. If a child grows up and attends university without a variety of life skills or the maturity that comes from looking after themselves, then they will likely struggle to adjust and may be viewed as childish by their peers. In conclusion, though there must be logical limits to the amount of work that children should do in the home, it is an advisable approach overall to increase a child's sense of responsibility. The benefits later in life justify any potential fatigue.

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TOPIC 4 · 同意与否

政府是否应花钱保护旧建筑

The government is spending enormous amount of money on old buildings in big towns. The government would get more benefit if that money were spent on new housing and road development. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

笔记

范文4【城市规划与交通】旧建筑保护 ▶

The government spends an enormous amount of money on the restoration and preservation of old buildings in big towns. This is a controversial topic, as some people believe that that money would be better spent on new housing and road development. Personally, I think there are points to be made on both sides of the argument, but ultimately I support the government's choice to spend money on the preservation of old buildings. There is a growing amount of people who believe caring for the current needs of society is far more important than preserving historical buildings. With the money used for reservation, a lot of new housing, public buildings, and new roads could be built. This would improve the quality of life for thousands of people within the city, therefore it is far more important than the preservation of old buildings. This is an admirable belief, but I personally think it is flawed. Many people understand that the old buildings the government spends a lot of money on are far more than just old buildings. These buildings are part of our history and our culture. They are incredibly important because of the story they tell and the history they contain. New housing and better roads are important, but it is also important to respect our history and preserve important cultural sites. To do so, takes a lot of money, which is controversial, but I believe it is important work that needs to be done. Therefore, while I do agree that there would be a great social benefit if the money used for preservation were instead spent on new housing and roads, I think the cultural loss of historical buildings is too costly for this to be justified.

核心词汇表（70词）

📝 词汇练习表 1（中→英，点击展开） ▶

No.	中文解释	No.	中文解释
1	n. 有说服力的论点；令人信服的论据	2	adj. 肤浅的；表面的；浅薄的
3	adj. 明显的；表面上的	4	v. 证明；示范；演示；游行示威
5	n. 在线社区；网络社群	6	v. 强调；突出；n. 最精彩的部分
7	v. 强调；着重	8	n. 地理距离
9	短语支持这一观点	10	v. 提倡，主张；n. 拥护者，倡导者
11	n. 缺点；不利条件	12	adv. 相比之下；相反
13	n. 有效论证；站得住脚的论点	14	v. 竞争；声称；争辩
15	n. 小众兴趣；特定爱好	16	v. 刷社交媒体动态
17	n. 支持者；倡导者	18	n. 视频通话
19	v. 培养；促进；收养	20	n. 社交媒体平台
21	n. 批评家；评论员；挑剔的人	22	v. 促进；提升；推销
23	adj. 有争议的；引起争论的	24	v. 维持；保持；维护；保养；坚持认为
25	phr. 研究表明	26	n. 立场；姿态；观点
27	v. 处理；对付；向…讲话；写地址	28	n. 志同道合的人
29	n. 显著例子；典型例证	30	v. 保持联系

📝 词汇练习表 2（中→英，点击展开） ▶

No.	中文解释	No.	中文解释
1	n. 真实人际互动	2	n. 巨大压力
3	adj. 不太合群的；不太善于社交的	4	n. 自力更生；自立
5	n. 额外课程；补习班	6	n. 增加的责任；更大的职责
7	v. 灌输特质；培养品质	8	n. 大规模扩张
9	n. 基本利益；根本利益	10	n. 宝贵资产；珍贵资源
11	n. 数字通信	12	n. 饥荒；严重缺乏
13	n. 濒危物种	14	v. 管理家务；持家
15	n. 政府预算	16	n. 生物多样性
17	n. 时间管理	18	n. 首要任务；当务之急
19	n. 更成熟；更大的成熟度	20	n. 流行病；瘟疫
21	adj. 过度保护的	22	n. 动物权利活动家；动物权益保护者
23	n. 灭绝；消亡	24	n. 贫困；贫穷
25	v. 学业表现优异	26	n. 激励；刺激；诱因
27	n. 生活技能	28	n. 动物保护；野生动物保护
29	v. 给幼儿过重负担	30	v. 努力适应；挣扎着调整

L4 练习 · 根据提示完成作文

练习题 1【工作】在线沟通 vs 面对面会议 ▶

题目：In the workplace, online communication is more than face-to-face meetings. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

开头段：In today's fast-paced and technology-driven world, online communication has become increasingly prevalent in the workplace, often surpassing face-to-face meetings. This phenomenon brings with it a range of advantages and disadvantages.

主体段落（其中一段）：

【第一句主题句，需要衔接词，引出论点，请中翻英】 支持这一观点的一个有力论据是…… One compelling argument in favor of this view is that online communication offers unparalleled convenience and flexibility.

【接着，添加解释说明/案例/对比，并用结果/后果说明重要性】 例如，员工可以从世界任何地方与同事和客户沟通，无需亲自到办公室。结果是，这使得工作时间和地点更加灵活，员工可以远程工作或在家办公，从而减少通勤时间和成本。
For instance, employees can communicate with colleagues and clients from anywhere in the world without having to physically go to the office. As a result, this makes working hours and locations more flexible, allowing employees to work remotely or from home, thereby reducing commuting time and costs.

【用衔接词，补充论据，也可以是一个解释句/案例/对比】 此外，电子邮件、聊天软件和视频会议软件等在线通信工具能够实现即时通信，从而便于快速响应和决策。
Furthermore, online communication tools such as emails, chat applications, and video conferencing software enable instant communication, thereby facilitating quick responses and decision-making.

练习题 2【安全与犯罪】青少年犯罪与成人同罚 ▶

题目：Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

开头段：Whether young offenders should receive the same punishment as adults is a complex and debated issue. While some people support doing so, I contend that different treatment for young people is essential.

主体段落（其中一段）：

【第一句主题句，需要衔接词，引出论点，请中翻英】 我支持这一立场的主要原因是…… The primary reason I support this position is the consistency of law enforcement, meaning that offenders should be punished based on the damage they have caused, regardless of age.

【接着，添加解释说明/案例/对比，并用结果/后果说明重要性】 一名年轻的杀人犯会给受害者家属带来与成年杀人犯同样的创伤，有时由于其年轻年龄甚至更加令人震惊。因此，将年轻罪犯绳之以法并给予成人刑罚是合理的，这为受害者及社会带来了公正感。
A young murderer brings the same trauma to the victims' families as an adult one, sometimes even more shocking due to their young age. Therefore, bringing young offenders to justice and giving them adult sentences is justified, which brings a sense of justice to the victims and society.

练习题 3【社会民生与政府】晚育趋势及其利弊 ▶

题目：Some people choose to have their first child at an older age. What are the reasons? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? IELTS July 29th

开头段：In recent years, an increasing number of individuals have opted to start their families later in life. This trend raises the question of why more people are choosing to have their first child at an older age and whether the benefits of doing so justify the drawbacks.

主体段落（其中一段）：

【第一句主题句，需要衔接词，引出论点，请中翻英】 需要考虑的一个关键点是…… A key point to consider is that delaying parenthood is the pursuit of career stability in a worrying economic climate.

【接着，添加解释说明/案例/对比，并用结果/后果说明重要性】 在当今竞争激烈的就业市场中，许多人，尤其是女性，更倾向于在组建家庭之前先在职业上站稳脚跟。通过在二十几岁或三十岁出头时专注于事业，他们可以实现经济安全并获得更高职位，这通常意味着工作满意度更高，并为未来的孩子提供更多资源。
In today's competitive job market, many people, especially women, prefer to establish themselves professionally before starting a family. By focusing on their careers in their late twenties or early thirties, they can achieve financial security and higher positions, which often means greater job satisfaction and more resources for their future children.

【接着，进一步进行阐释，或者补充理由，或者给出其他方面】 如今主流社会愈发重视个人成长、实现自我目标，而后再选择生育子女，这一普遍趋势便体现于此。正因如此，许多年轻人会将自身生活与经济保障放在首位，这种现状催生的社会氛围，并不利于人们早早生育。
Today's mainstream society increasingly values personal growth and the realization of self-goals before choosing to have children, and this prevailing trend is a reflection of that. As a result, many young people prioritize their own lives and financial security, and the social atmosphere created by this reality is not conducive to having children early.

练习题 4【科学与技术】网络友谊的意义 ▶

题目：Friendships that take place online are not as meaningful as those where people meet each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree? IELTS August 25th

开头段：Certain concerned parties today would argue that there is inherently less value in online friendships. In my opinion, despite the unique features possible when making friends online, in-person friendships are more meaningful due to the human element.

主体段落（其中一段）：

【第一句主题句，需要衔接词，引出论点，请中翻英】 网络交友的支持者们指出…… Supporters of online friendships point out the diverse possibilities for communication.

【接着，添加解释说明/案例/对比，并用结果/后果说明重要性】 过去，人们交友的选择范围通常较窄。然而，如今，普通社交媒体用户可以接触到兴趣更加多样化的人群。
In the past, people's choices for making friends were usually quite narrow. However, nowadays, the average social media user can connect with a much more diverse group of people with varied interests.

【接着，添加解释说明/案例/对比，并用结果/后果说明重要性】 举例来说，喜爱老式桌游的人们能够在脸书社群或照片墙主页找到同好，并因这份共同爱好结交为朋友。依托网络，这群人可以保持联络，维系一段富有思想共鸣、收获良多的珍贵友谊。
For instance, people who love old-fashioned board games can find like-minded enthusiasts in Facebook groups or Instagram pages, and become friends through this shared hobby. Through the internet, these people can stay in touch and maintain a precious friendship full of intellectual resonance and mutual growth.